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Cairo, Egypt's bustling capital, is a captivating blend of ancient history and modern life. Here are some of the top sights you shouldn’t miss when visiting Cairo:

1. The Pyramids of Giza

• Description: The most famous landmarks in Egypt, the Pyramids of Giza are a must-see. These ancient wonders are among the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World and remain one of the most impressive archaeological sites in the world.
• Highlights: The Great Pyramid of Khufu, the pyramids of Khafre and Menkaure, and the iconic Sphinx of Giza.
• Tip: Visit during sunrise or sunset for stunning lighting on the pyramids.

2. The Egyptian Museum

• Description: Located in downtown Cairo, the Egyptian Museum is one of the world’s most important museums, housing an enormous collection of ancient Egyptian artifacts, including treasures from the tomb of Tutankhamun.
• Highlights: Tutankhamun’s golden mask, royal mummies, sculptures, and everyday objects from ancient Egypt.
• Tip: Allow extra time to explore the Tutankhamun exhibit and other major collections.

3. The Citadel of Cairo (Saladin Citadel)

• Description: The Citadel of Cairo, built in the 12th century by Saladin, is one of Cairo’s most famous landmarks. It offers a stunning view of the city and houses several important historical buildings.
• Highlights: The Muhammad Ali Mosque, also known as the Alabaster Mosque, which dominates the citadel.
• Tip: The panoramic view of Cairo from the citadel, especially during sunset, is breathtaking.

4. Khan el-Khalili Bazaar

• Description: Khan el-Khalili is one of the oldest and most famous markets in the Arab world. The bustling bazaar offers a wide variety of handmade goods, jewelry, spices, textiles, and souvenirs.
• Highlights: Traditional Egyptian crafts, spices, perfumes, and antiques.
• Tip: Be sure to haggle for the best prices and try some traditional Egyptian tea at one of the cafes in the market.

5. Al-Azhar Mosque and Al-Azhar University

• Description: Al-Azhar Mosque is one of the oldest and most important religious buildings in Cairo. Al-Azhar University, which is associated with the mosque, is the world’s oldest operating university.
• Highlights: The mosque's stunning architecture and the historical significance of the university.
• Tip: Be mindful of prayer times when visiting, as the mosque may be closed during prayers. It’s an excellent place to learn more about Islamic culture and history.

6. The Muqattam Hills

• Description: The Muqattam Hills offer a panoramic view of Cairo and are a great spot to experience the city from a different angle. The area also features the famous Cave Church (Saint Simon the Tanner Monastery).
• Highlights: The view over Cairo and the fascinating Coptic Christian sites, including the Cave Church.
• Tip: The view is especially impressive at sunset.

7. Coptic Cairo

• Description: Coptic Cairo is one of the oldest Christian settlements in Cairo and features significant churches, including the Hanging Church (Saint Virgin Mary's Coptic Orthodox Church) and the Ben Ezra Synagogue.
• Highlights: The Hanging Church, Coptic Museum, and the Church of the Holy Family.
• Tip: It’s a great place to learn about the early history of Christianity in Egypt.

8. The Nile

• Description: The Nile, the longest river in the world, plays a central role in Egyptian culture and history. A boat ride on the Nile is a relaxing way to experience Cairo from a different perspective.
• Highlights: A Nile boat ride offers a scenic view of the city, especially at sunset.
• Tip: A Felucca ride on the Nile is a peaceful and romantic way to spend an evening.

9. Bibliotheca Alexandrina (Library of Alexandria)

• Description: Although located in Alexandria, the Bibliotheca Alexandrina is worth a visit if you have time. This modern library is one of the largest and most important in the world and is a fascinating place for literature and history lovers.
• Highlights: The library’s unique architecture and its vast collection of ancient and modern texts.
• Tip: It also has a museum and a planetarium, making it a full cultural experience.

10. St. Sergius and Bacchus Church

• Description: This ancient church in Cairo is considered one of the oldest and most spiritually significant sites for Coptic Christians. According to tradition, it is believed that the Holy Family rested here during their flight into Egypt.
• Highlights: The church’s old architecture and peaceful atmosphere.
• Tip: It’s a tranquil spot to learn more about Coptic history and religion.

Cairo is a city teeming with history, offering a wide range of attractions that span from the ancient world to the present day. Each of these landmarks provides a unique insight into the rich cultural and historical heritage of Egypt.